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Title
Effects of B vitamin inJections on plasma B vitamin concentrations
of
feed-restricted beef calves infected with bovine herpesvirus-1.
Author
Dubeski PL; Owens FN; Song WO; Coburn SP; Mahuren JD
Address
Department of Animal Science' Oklahoma State University' Stillwater
74078-0425' USA.
Source
J Anim Sci, 74(6):1358-66 1996 Jun
Abstract
For nonruminants' stress and disease greatly increase requirements
for
vitamin B6' folic acid' pantothenic acid' and ascorbate. The
effects of
feed restriction' virus infection' and vitamin inJections on
plasma
concentrations of B vitamins critical to the immune response
were
evaluated. Twelve beef steer calves' 6 to 8 mo of age' were fed
below
maintenance for 17 d and deprived of food for 3 d during a 20-d
period
after weaning. They then were inoculated intranasally with live
attenuated bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). Six calves received
saline
inJections and six received inJections of a B vitamin mixture
and
ascorbate every 48 h for 14 d before and 14 d after inoculation.
A mild
respiratory infection developed in all calves 4 to 5 d after
inoculation. In control calves' restricted intake and food deprivation
decreased plasma vitamin B6 and pantothenate and increased vitamin
B12
but did not affect folic acid and ascorbate concentrations. Vitamin
inJections increased plasma concentrations of vitamin B6' folic
acid'
vitamin B12' pantothenic acid' and ascorbate (P < .002). Plasma
concentrations of vitamin B6' vitamin B12' pantothenic acid'
and
ascorbate' but not folic acid' were markedly reduced in all calves
during the BHV-1 infection (P = .001). The vitamin B6' pantothenic
acid' vitamin B12' and ascorbate status of stressed calves may
affect
their immune response to vaccination or infection.
Title
The metabolism of panthenol in patients with postoperative intestinal
atony
Author
Sachs M; Asskali F; Lanaras C; F orster H; Bockhorn H
Address
Chirurgische Klinik Krankenhaus Nordwest' Johann Wolfgang Goethe
Universit at' Frankfurt am Main.
Source
Z Ernahrungswiss, 29(4):270-83 1990 Dec
Abstract
The aim of this study was the examination of the metabolism and
mechanism of action of D-pantothenyl alcohol in patients with
postoperative intestinal atony. Seven metabolically healthy patients
were examined on the 4th day following colorectal surgery' before
bowel
activity had started. Increased urinary excretion of the vitamin
pantothenic acid was noted following the intravenous application
of 2
gm of D-pantothenyl alcohol. Ten to 30% of the administered dose
D-pantothenyl alcohol is excreted in the urine as pantothenic
acid
within 24 h. Simultaneously' the urinary excretion of beta-alanine'
a
pantothenic acid component' is increased. D-pantothenyl alcohol
was
metabolized to pantothenic acid in all the patients examined.
Pantothenic acid is a component of coenzyme A' a key substance
in the
intermediary pathway of metabolism. Coenzyme A plays a role in
the
synthesis of acetylcholine from choline (a co-enzyme of
cholinacetylase). Peristalsis induced by D-pantothenyl alcohol
may be
due to the increased synthesis of coenzyme A and acetylcholine
in the
autonomic nerve plexus of the intestinal tract.
Title
Acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis induced by pantothenic
acid
antagonist' calcium hopantenate' in dogs.
Author
Noda S; Haratake J; Sasaki A; Ishii N; Umezaki H; Horie A
Address
Department of Neurology' Kyushukoseinenkin Hospital' Kitakyushu'
Japan.
Source
Liver, 11(3):134-42 1991 Jun
Abstract
In Japan' acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis resembling
Reye`s
syndrome has been reported to occur after treatment with the
pantothenic acid antagonist' calcium hopantenate. We studied
the causal
relationship and the pathogenesis in dogs. The agent was administered
to seven dogs at increasing doses over a period of 8 weeks. Anorexia'
vomiting' and diarrhea were common clinical findings. In four
dogs'
coma suddenly developed after the appearance of gastrointestinal
signs.
Three animals died during periods when they were not under direct
observation. The effects of the agent appear to be related to
dose.
Laboratory findings representing significant changes at the time
of
coma included hypoglycemia' leukocytosis' hyperammonemia'
hyperlactatemia' and elevated levels of serum transaminases.
Microvesicular hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial abnormalities
were
consistent pathological findings. The hepatic mitochondria were
enlarged and characterized by an increased number of cristae
and the
presence of crystalloid inclusions. In a second group of four
dogs'
pantothenic acid was given in addition to and in the same amount
as
calcium hopantenate at increasing doses over a period of 8 weeks.
All
four dogs survived the 8 weeks and only one developed mild anorexia.
No
significant biochemical changes were found and neither hepatic
steatosis nor mitochondrial abnormalities were observed. The
addition
of pantothenic acid prevented the development of the disorder
in the
four animals. These results show that calcium hopantenate produces
acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis in dogs' by inducing
a
deficiency of pantothenic acid. The hepatic mitochondrial changes
of
this reaction differ from those of Reye`s syndrome.
Title
Pantothenic acid levels in blood of athletes at rest and after
aerobic
exercise
Author
Rokitzki L; Sagredos A; Reuss F; Petersen G; Keul J
Address
Institut f ur naturwissenschaftliche' technische Dienste Hamburg.
Source
Z Ernahrungswiss, 32(4):282-8 1993 Dec
Abstract
Ninety-six high-performance athletes of various disciplines were
available for this investigation. All athletes had many years
of
training and competition experience. The pantothenic acid contents
in
the blood were determined by means of microbiological measurements.
In
addition to the pantothenic acid level at rest' measurements
were made
resp. physical exertion in 14 marathon runners and nine body
builders.
Blood was collected for determination of pantothenic acid before
(a)'
after (b) and 2 h after exercise. Compared to the reference values
for
untrained persons (1.34 +/- 0.13 nmol/mL)' the marathon runners
with
0.76 (0.31-0.94) nmol/mL and soccer players with 1.19 (0.37-2.64)
nmol/mL were below the reference values. According to relative
frequencies' more than 30% of all athletes were below the lower
limit
(< 1.20 nmol/mL). The values in body builders/racing cyclists
differed
significantly from those in marathon racers (p < 0.001)' which
is
presumably due to unallowed supplementation. During exercise'
there was
a significant increase in the pantothenic acid level in marathon
runners (p < 0.01).
Title
Pantothenic acid in health and disease.
Author
Tahiliani AG; Beinlich CJ
Address
Geisinger Clinic' Weis Center for Research' Danville' Pennsylvania
17822
Source
Vitam Horm, 46():165-228 1991
Abstract
In summary' the vitamin pantothenic acid is an integral part
of the
acylation carriers' CoA and acyl carrier protein (ACP). The vitamin
is
readily available from diverse dietary sources' a fact which
is
underscored by the difficulty encountered in attempting to induce
pantothenate deficiency. Although pantothenic acid deficiency
has not
been linked with any particular disease' deficiency of the vitamin
results in generalized malaise clinically. In view of the fact
that
pantothenate is required for the synthesis of CoA' it is surprising
that tissue CoA levels are not altered in pantothenate deficiency.
This
suggests that the cell is equipped to conserve its pantothenate
content' possibly by a recycling mechanism for utilizing pantothenate
obtained from degradation of pantothenate-containing molecules.
Although the steps involved in the conversion of pantothenate
to CoA
have been characterized' much remains to be done to understand
the
regulation of CoA synthesis. In particular' in view of what is
known
about the in vitro regulation of pantothenate kinase' it is surprising
that the enzyme is active in vivo' since factors that are known
to
inhibit the enzyme are present in excess of the concentrations
known to
inhibit the enzyme. Thus' other physiological regulatory factors
(which
are largely unknown) must counteract the effects of these inhibitors'
since the pantothenate-to-CoA conversion is operative in vivo.
Another
step in the biosynthetic pathway that may be rate limiting is
the
conversion of 4`-phosphopantetheine (4`-PP) to dephospho-CoA'
a step
catalyzed by 4`-phosphopantetheine adenylyl-transferase. In mammalian
systems' this step may occur in the mitochondria or in the cytosol.
The
teleological significance of these two pathways remains to be
established' particularly since mitochondria are capable of
transporting CoA from the cytosol. Altered homeostasis of CoA
has been
observed in diverse disease states including starvation' diabetes'
alcoholism' Reye syndrome (RS)' medium-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase
deficiency' vitamin B12 deficiency' and certain tumors. Hormones'
such
as glucocorticoids' insulin' and glucagon' as well as drugs'
such as
clofibrate' also affect tissue CoA levels. It is not known whether
the
abnormal metabolism observed in these conditions is the result
of
altered CoA metabolism or whether CoA levels change in response
to
hormonal or nonhormonal perturbations brought about in these
conditions. In other words' a cause-effect relation remains to
be
elucidated. It is also not known whether the altered CoA metabolism
(be
it cause or result of abnormal metabolism) can be implicated
in the
manifestations of a disease. Besides CoA' pantothenic acid is
also an
integral part of the ACP molecule.(Abstract TRUNCATED AT 400
WORDS)
Title
Study of pantothenic acid derivatives as cardiac protectors in
a model
of experimental ischemia and reperfusion of the isolated heart
Author
Kumerova AO; Utno LIa; Lipsberga ZE; Shkestere IIa
Source
Biull Eksp Biol Med, 113(4):373-5 1992 Apr
Abstract
An isolated heart model with experimental ischemia and reperfusion
was
used to show effective decrease in lactate' increase in ATP content
and
prevention of conJugated dienes accumulation in the myocardium
by
derivatives of pantothenic acid: panthenol (9.0 mg/kg)' calcium
pantothenate (15.6 mg/kg) and by these ones applied simultaneously
as
ingredients of perfusate (25 microM) in postischemic period.
In that
way derivatives of pantothenic acid should be regarded as cardiac
protectors.
Title
Pantothenic acid deficiency as the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.
Author
Leung LH
Address
Department of General Surgery' Hong Kong Central Hospital' Hong
Kong.
Source
Med Hypotheses, 44(6):490-2 1995 Jun
Abstract
For years' the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris has been known to
be
strongly influenced by hormonal factors. However' the exact role
of and
the interrelationship among the various hormones in question
have not
been well elucidated. Here' I wish to suggest a radically different
theory for its pathogenesis and relate its basic pathology to
a
deficiency in pantothenic acid' a vitamin hitherto not known
to cause
any deficiency syndrome in humans. Hence' the effect of hormonal
factors in this disease entity becomes secondary to that of the
availability of pantothenic acid. A complete cure of this condition
is
effected by a very liberal replacement therapy with the vitamin.
Title
Effect of pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid supplementation
on human
skin wound healing process. A double-blind' prospective and randomized
trial.
Author
Vaxman F; Olender S; Lambert A; Nisand G; Aprahamian M; Bruch
JF;
Didier E; Volkmar P; Grenier JF
Address
INSERM U 61' Hospices Civils' Strasbourg' France.
Source
Eur Surg Res, 27(3):158-66 1995
Abstract
This study aimed at testing human skin wound healing improvement
by a
21-day supplementation of 1.0 g ascorbic acid (AA) and 0.2 g
pantothenic acid (PA). 49 patients undergoing surgery for tattoos'
by
the successive resections procedure' entered a double-blind'
prospective and randomized study. Tests performed on both skin
and
scars determined: hydroxyproline concentrations' number of fibroblasts'
trace element contents and mechanical properties. In the 18
supplemented patients' it was shown that in skin (day 8) Fe increased
(p < 0.05) and Mn decreased (p < 0.05); in scars (day 21)'
Cu (p =
0.07) and Mn (p < 0.01) decreased' and Mg (p < 0.05) increased;
the
mechanical properties of scars in group A were significantly
correlated
to their contents in Fe' Cu and Zn' whereas no correlation was
shown in
group B. In blood' AA increased after surgery with supplementation'
whereas it decreased in controls. Although no maJor improvement
of the
would healing process could be documented in this study' our
results
suggest that the benefit of AA and PA supplementation could be
due to
the variations of the trace elements' as they are correlated
to
mechanical properties of the scars.
Title
Can the wound healing process be improved by vitamin supplementation?
Experimental study on humans.
Author
Vaxman F; Olender S; Lambert A; Nisand G; Grenier JF
Address
INSERM U61 et Laboratoire Pautrier' Chirurgie B' H^opitaux
Universitaires de Strasbourg' France.
Source
Eur Surg Res, 28(4):306-14 1996 Jul-Aug
Abstract
The improvement of the wound healing process in humans by vitamin
supplements is still controversial because of the lack of a clearly
demonstrated correlation with the mechanical properties of scars.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the effects of high
doses
of ascorbic acid (AA) and pantothenic acid (PA) on the wound
healing
process of human skin. METHOD: Two groups of patients undergoing
surgery for tattoo removal by the successive resection procedure
received AA (1 or 3 g/day) and PA (0.2 or 0.9 g/day). More than
80
mechanical' biological and histological parameters were investigated
in
both preoperated skin and the scars. RESULTS: The breaking energy
of
scars was higher in group 2' and energy and treatment were directly
correlated (p = 0.006). Mg and Mn significantly rose in group
2 whereas
Fe decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Intragroup comparison
showed
patient and treatment effects for Mg' a time.treatment effect
for Cu
and a treatment effect for Fe. CONCLUSION: The degree and rapidity
of
variations rather than the variations of the absolute values
themselves
of fibroblasts' hydroxyproline' Fe' Cu and Mg are significantly
related
to the enhancement of the mechanical properties of scars. From
this
study' it may be assumed that in order to obtain `better`' more
solid
and resistant scars' the decrease of Fe must be quick and acute
in
order to avoid the harmful effects of toxic radicals; the increase
of
Cu' Mg and Mn must be early and high in order to have more stable
and
solid collagen.
Title
Pantothenic acid as a weight-reducing agent: fasting without
hunger'
weakness and ketosis.
Author
Leung LH
Address
Department of General Surgery' Hong Kong Central Hospital.
Source
Med Hypotheses, 44(5):403-5 1995 May
Abstract
With the conventional method of fasting or aggressive dieting
to reduce
excess body fat' hunger' weakness' ketogenesis and ketosis are
the
sequential events that follow. It is not fully understood why'
under
conditions of negative calorie balance where complete energy
release
from storage fat is critical' ketosis should arise with a concomitant
wastage of energy. Here' I wish to propose a theory that relates
the
formation of ketone bodies under such conditions to a deficiency
in
dietary pantothenic acid. Supplementation of this vitamin would
facilitate complete catabolism of fatty acids and thus the formation
of
ketone bodies could be circumvented. As a result' a sufficient
amount
of energy would be released from storage fat to relieve dieters
of the
sensation of hunger and weakness which otherwise would be difficult
to
endure. Hence' using this method for weight reduction together
with a
careful observation of calorie intake' I have great success in
treating
overweight-to-obese patients to lose weight.
Title
Pantothenic acid uptake and metabolism by red blood cells of
rats.
Author
Annous KF; Song WO
Address
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition' Michigan State
University' East Lansing 48824-1224' USA.
Source
J Nutr, 125(10):2586-93 1995 Oct
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) of rats and humans contain pantothenic
acid (PA)
derivatives' generally referred to as bound PA' which were never
characterized or quantitated. This study was undertaken to define
those
factors that determine the rates of uptake and efflux of PA'
and
possibly PA derivatives' in RBC. Uptake of PA by RBC was studied
by
incubating RBC with different concentrations of PA (0.34-34.0
mumol/L)'
each containing [14C PA (0.34 mumol/L) at 37 degrees C for 3-360
min.
The effects of Na+' energy and pH on the uptake of PA in RBC
were
determined in experiments varying media concentrations of Na+
(0-152
mmol/L)' glucose (0 and 10 mmol/L) or pH (7.2-7.6). The release
of PA
from RBC was studied by incubating RBC containing [14C PA (0.10-10.4
nmol/10(7) RBC' final concentration) in fresh media at 37 degrees
C for
10-240 min. Uptake and efflux of PA were found to be nonsaturable;
uptake was not affected by Na+' energy or pH. Quantitative and
qualitative determination of PA derivatives was by enzymatic
hydrolysis
of lysed RBC' followed by analysis of PA by RIA and paper
chromatography. The RBC were found to contain PA' 4`-phosphopantothenic
acid and pantetheine. We conclude that PA diffuses passively
into and
out of RBC and that RBC contain only PA' 4`-phosphopantothenic
acid'
pantetheine and no CoA.
Title
Multiple vitamin status in Crohn`s disease. Correlation with
disease
activity.
Author
Kuroki F; Iida M; Tominaga M; Matsumoto T; Hirakawa K; Sugiyama
S;
FuJishima M
Address
Second Department of Internal Medicine' Faculty of Medicine'
Kyushu
University' Fukuoka' Japan.
Source
Dig Dis Sci, 38(9):1614-8 1993 Sep
Abstract
We measured serum' blood' or red cell concentrations of various
vitamins in 24 patients with Crohn`s disease who had been free
from any
nutritional treatment' and compared them with those in 24 healthy
controls. Twelve of the patients were affected in the small bowel
only'
two in the large bowel only' and the remaining 10 in both the
small and
large bowel. The fat-soluble vitamins A and E were significantly
decreased in patients with Crohn`s disease compared to controls.
Among
the water-soluble vitamins' vitamins B1' B2 and B6 and folic
acid were
more depleted in patients with Crohn`s disease than in the controls'
whereas vitamins B12 and C' nicotinic acid' and biotin were not
different between the two groups' and pantothenic acid was increased
in
patients with Crohn`s disease. In addition' vitamin B2 and nicotinic
acid showed a negative correlation with the Crohn`s disease activity
index. These findings suggest that there is a variety of vitamin
deficiencies in Crohn`s disease prior to treatment and also that
concentrations of some vitamins' such as vitamin B2 and nicotinic
acid'
may reflect the severity of the disease.
Title
Niacin' thiamin' and pantothenic acid bioavailability to humans
from
maize bran as affected by milling and particle size.
Author
Yu BH; Kies C
Address
Dept. of Nutritional Science and Hospitality Management' University
of
Nebraska' Lincoln 68583-0807.
Source
Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 43(1):87-95 1993 Jan
Abstract
The obJective of the proJect was to determine the bioavailability
of
selected B vitamins (niacin' pantothenic acid and thiamin) to
humans
from wet and dry milled maize brans which were coarsely or finely
ground. Using a double cross-over design' the nine subJects were
fed
laboratory controlled diets containing unsupplemented bread or
bread
supplemented with finely ground' wet milled maize bran; coarsely
ground' wet milled maize bran; finely ground' dry milled corn
bran; or
coarsely ground' dry milled maize bran. SubJects made complete
collections of urine throughout the study which were analyzed
for
contents of the test vitamins. Although varying somewhat among
vitamins' in general' better apparent bioavailability was achieved
with
the finely ground' dry milled maize bran than with the other
test
brans. |
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