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Title
A trace element preparation containing zinc increases the production
of
interleukin-6 in human monocytes and glial cells.
Author
Falus A; B]eres J Jr
Address
Department of Biology' Semmelweis Medical University' Budapest'
Hungary.
Source
Biol Trace Elem Res, 51(3):293-301 1996 Mar
Abstract
The in vitro effects of a trace element preparation (b]eres Drops
Plus'
BDP) on the biosynthesis of inflammatory cytokines interleukin
(IL-6'
IL-1' and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were studied
in human
peripheral monocytes. The production of IL-6 was studied in a
glioblastoma cell line' SKMG-4' as well. The trace element preparation
BDP significantly stimulated both the constitutive and the endotoxin
or
IL-1 induced IL-6 production in monocytes or in glial cells'
respectively' but revealed no or only modest effect on IL-1 and
TNF-alpha production of monocytes. Moreover' BDP was able to
reduce the
inhibitory effect of a synthetic corticosteroid' dexamethasone
on the
biosynthesis of IL-6. The positive effect of the trace element
preparation on the IL-6 production of monocytes from rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) patients is comparable' to that of on the monocytes
from
healthy individuals' and similarly to healthy individuals was
negligible on the IL-1 and TNF-alpha production. The detailed
analysis
of the composition of the preparation suggested' that the maJor
active
component in the stimulation of IL-6 production is Zn' but for
the
complete effect other trace elements are also required.
Title
Trace element metabolism in parenteral and enteral nutrition.
Author
Okada A; Takagi Y; Nezu R; Sando K; Shenkin A
Address
Department of Pediatric Surgery' Osaka University Medical School'
Japan.
Source
Nutrition, 11(1 Suppl):106-13 1995 Jan-Feb
Abstract
With more patients receiving artificial nutrition' i.e.' TPN
and EN'
deficiencies of essential trace elements have appeared. Because
symptomatic deficiencies might be only a small part of the
abnormalities' we should recognize a much wider background of
abnormal
metabolism and physiology of such elements and examine their
possible
participation in most diseases. Measurements of biochemical indices
of
trace elements in these patients frequently reveal decreased
levels. To
prevent marginal deficiencies and maintain good balance in the
body'
routine administration of trace elements is therefore essential.
Discussions focus on daily requirements' including the recommended
doses of each trace element in PN and EN formulas. The range
of
different recommended doses in different countries' and the content
and
completeness of trace element mixtures available in these countries
is
a matter of concern. A consensus based on better data from patients
with different clinical states is urgently required.
Title
Hair trace element analysis in human ecology studies.
Author
Batzevich VA
Address
Institute of Anthropology' Moscow State University' Russian Federation.
Source
Sci Total Environ, 164(2):89-98 1995 Mar 15
Abstract
Concentrations of Zn' Cu' Se' Mn' Hg' Fe' Cr' Co' Sb' Sc and
Au were
determined in hair samples of 17 ethnic and territorial groups
from the
former USSR. Hair samples (837 males' 965 females) were taken
from
individuals of non-industrial native populations of unpolluted
areas.
Geographical' geochemical' racial and nutritional aspects of
inter-group variations of trace element concentrations are discussed.
The significance of hair analysis as a biological indicator of
abnormal
intake of trace elements in man is confirmed. Geographical variations
of hair trace element concentrations' on the whole' depend on
geochemical conditions or nutritional factors. The concentration
of
elements in hair is highly variable because of local factors'
which
makes racial or ethnic identification impossible for trace element
analysis.
Title
MaJor and trace element concentration differences between the
right and
left hemispheres of the "normal` human brain.
Author
Stedman JD; Spyrou NM
Address
Department of Physics' University of Surrey' Guildford' UK.
Source
Nutrition, 11(5 Suppl):542-5 1995 Sep-Oct
Abstract
The brain can be divided into many anatomical regions' and the
minor
and trace element distribution across these regions has been
shown to
be heterogeneous. The various functions of the brain such as
memory and
language have been associated with different brain regions' and
attempts to correlate brain function with elemental composition
have
been made. Establishing "normal" concentration values
is a complex task
due to the variability of factors such as age' sex' dietary intake'
environmental exposure' and smoking habits. In establishing the
elemental concentration of a particular brain region' a mean
value from
the right and left hemispheres of different brains is often used.
This
is usually due to the lack of availability for analysis of the
same
brain regions from both hemispheres of one individual. However'
it is
known that the right and left hemispheres have different functions.
Thus' it may be expected that they may have different trace element
concentrations as well. In this study 13 brain regions were sampled
from both hemispheres of six elderly individuals' and their maJor
element composition was determined by Rutherford backscattering
(RBS)
analysis' whereas the minor and trace element concentrations
were
obtained by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis.
Title
Trace elements in children with chronic and recurrent tonsillitis.
Author
Onerci M; Ku,s S; O gretmeno glu O
Address
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery' Hacettepe
University Faculty of Medicine' Ankara' Turkey. oo04-k@tr-net.net.tr
Source
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 41(1):47-51 1997 Jul 18
Abstract
Trace elements are indispensable for life and play a very important
role in the essential functions. According to some reports in
the
literature lower trace element levels increase the susceptibility
to
recurrent infections. Since there are no reports available in
the
English literature about the effects of trace elements on recurrent
and
chronic tonsillitis' 37 children with recurrent and chronic tonsillitis
were evaluated for Zn' Cu and Mg levels. Serum levels of Zn in
6
patients were slightly lower than the normal limit. All the other
serum
levels of Zn' Cu and Mg were within the normal range. On the
other
hand' the mean serum level of Zn in the 37 patients was significantly
lower than in a control group of 28 age and sex matched children.
In
contrast' the mean serum levels of Cu and Mg in the patients
were
significantly higher than in the control group. Whether this
alteration
in the trace element status causes or fosters recurrent and chronic
tonsillitis is not clear.
Title
Role of trace elements in disorders and correction of metal ligand
homeostasis
Author
Afanas`ev IuI; Kaletina NI; Kharitonov IuIa; Lazurina LP; Kakushkina
ML; Zakharova VF; Garstukova LG
Source
Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk, (10):44-8 1995
Abstract
Histological' biochemical' and biophysical techniques were used
to
examine the properties of a biocomplex compound prepared by using
the
well-known drug metronidazole' which affects gram-negative microbes'
with the trace element zinc. The biocomplex was demonstrated
to
considerably enhance the efficiency of the parent ligand and
to expand
its action range. The new compound affected the body`s immunity'
promotes the recovery of its trace element balance and the development
of compensatory and adaptative responses in the liver' kidney'
spleen'
and pancreas. The biocomplex-induced activation of regenerative
processes occurred by changing the balance of 28 trace elements
in the
body. Changes in the skin and blood were analyzed after administration
of zinc sulfate in combination with vitamin A (retinol palmitate).
An
assessment was made of morphological and histochemical changes
in the
malpighian epithelial cells while using these drugs alone and
in
combination.
Title
A comparison of trace element and isotope analysis in archeological
bones (exemplified by a medieval bone series from Weingarten'
Germany)
Author
Wiedemann FB; Bocherens H
Address
Institut f ur Anthropologie und Humangenetik' Universit at M
unchen.
Source
Anthropol Anz, 55(2):147-54 1997 Jun
Abstract
The well established methods of isotope- and trace element analysis
have been used as a reliable approach in archaeometry in order
to
reconstruct ecological and social parameters. Both methods offer
access
to palaeoecological information' however' frequently only one
of the
methods has been applied on the onegiven material. Up to now'
isotope
data are especially associated to the determination of food webs
and
palaeocliamtes' i.e. the position of the examined subJects within
an
ecological context is englightened. On the other hand' trace
element
analyses reveal knowledge about group specific nutrition and
pollution
with toxic substances. For the medieval human bone series of
Weingarten
(Germany)' both methods have been applied independently. The
results
suggest special emphasis of diagenesis for the interpretation
of trace
element data: diagenesis and its impact on the stability of biological
signals as well as consequences for data interpretation' which
is
dependent on the analysed phase of the material (mineral or gelatine)
and its preservation.
Title
General pathology of trace element deficiency
Author
Zhavoronkov AA; Mikhaleva LM; Kakturski i LV; Kudrin AV; Anke
M
Address
F. Schiller Jena University' Jena' Germany.
Source
Arkh Patol, 59(2):8-11 1997 Mar-Apr
Abstract
According to the authors` concept' different forms of trace element
deficiency show some general rules of development. All of them
are
followed by a decrease of immune resistance. Trace element deficiency
is never isolated' it is always characterized by trace element
unbalance and is followed by a considerable disturbance of metabolism
(mineral' lipid' carbohydrate and protein) with relevant
manifestations. Reduced immune resistance and pluriglandular
endocrinopathy create the conditions for various malignancies.
Title
Trace elements and thyroid cancer.
Author
Zaichick VYe; Tsyb AF; Vtyurin BM
Address
Medical Radiological Research Centre' Kaluga Region' Russia.
Source
Analyst, 120(3):817-21 1995 Mar
Abstract
To evaluate the importance of trace amounts of elements in thyroid
cancer etiology and diagnostics' instrumental neutron activation
analysis has been used to estimate Ag' Co' Cr' Fe' Hg' I'Rb'
Sb' Sc'
Se' and Zn concentrations in malignant and benign thyroid nodules
as
well as in apparently intact paranodular thyroid tissue. Resected
material from 135 patients was obtained from operations. Forty-five
cancer cases were diagnosed and the rest were of benign nodules.
The
thyroid glands of 65 people' 53 male and 12 female' who died
and
unexpected death or committed suicide' were used as a control
group.
Trace element contents of the International Atomic Energy Agency
reference material H-4 (animal muscle) were analysed simultaneously
with the thyroid tissue in order to evaluate the accuracy of
the
obtained data. No dependence of trace element contents on sex
and age
(14-80 years) was found for normal thyroids. In paranodular tissue'
the
Ag' Co' Hg' I and Rb contents were much higher for malignant
and benign
nodules than they were for the standard. There was also a slight
deficiency of Se in the nodules compared with the standard. This
result
supports the hypothesis that the direct toxic heavy metal influence
on
thyrocytes plays a maJor role in thyroid cancer etiology' provided
that
an adequate level of the defence mechanisms is absent. Iodine
concentrations are 15 times lower' on average' in malignant compared
with benign nodules. It is also shown that the radio between
the iodine
concentration in nodular and paranodular tissue can be used for
in vivo
thyroid cancer diagnostics.
Title
Trace elements and superoxide dismutase in benign and malignant
breast
diseases.
Author
K oksoy C; Kavas GO; Ak,cil E; Kocat urk PA; Kara S; Ozarslan
C
Address
Ministry of Health, Oncology Hospital I Surgery Clinic, Ankara,
Turkey.
Source
Breast Cancer Res Treat, 45(1):1-6 1997 Aug
Abstract
This study was planned to determine the probable changes in trace
element levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in women
with
neoplastic breast diseases. Measurements were performed in three
different groups. The first group consisted of 20 healthy women,
control group, the second group contained 16 patients with benign
breast disease and the third group contained 39 patients with
malignant
breast disease. The trace element concentrations were determined
by
using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and SOD activity by
using
spectrophotometry. When compared with the control values, the
plasma
copper levels were slightly increased in the second group and
significantly in the third group (p < 0.001). The difference
between
the benign and malignant groups was also significant (p <
0.001). The
red cell copper values showed a marked decrease in both groups
(p < 0
001). Although there were increases in the plasma zinc levels
of both
patient groups, the differences were not significant statistically.
But, the red cell zinc values showed an significant increase
in benign
and malignant patients compared to the control group (p <
0.001) (p <
0.001). The plasma magnesium and red cell magnesium values did
not show
significant differences. The red cell SOD activity showed an
significant increase in the benign and malignant patient groups
(p <
0.001). The results of this study suggested that reactive oxygen
metabolites may play a pathogenetic role in the both benign and
malignant tumor development, which is reflected by the change
in SOD
activity, and in trace element concentrations.
Title
Significance of trace elements in seminal plasma of infertile
men.
Author
Omu AE; Dashti H; Mohamed AT; Mattappallil AB
Address
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology' Faculty of Medicine'
Kuwait
University' Safat' Kuwait.
Source
Nutrition, 11(5 Suppl):502-5 1995 Sep-Oct
Abstract
The seminal fluid has the important function as a vehicle for
the
transportation of the spermatozoa through the epididymis' the
vas
deferens' and urethra and into the vagina. MaJor changes in the
level
of trace elements like zinc' magnesium' and cadmium in semen
appear to
be related to abnormal spermatozoal function and fertilizing
capacity.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the pattern of trace elements
in
semen of subfertile men compared to levels in the blood. The
relationship of the trace elements with spermatozoal parameters
was
also evaluated. As part of the infertility evaluation' semen
and blood
samples were collected from 50 males attending the combined infertility
clinic at a maternity hospital after 3 days` abstinence. Semen
analysis
and hypo-osmotic swelling tests were done on fresh semen samples.
The
serum and remaining semen sample were stored at -20 degrees C
until
they were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometry. No significant
differences occurred in the levels of trace elements in
normozoospermic' oligospermic' and azoospermic semen. However'
significantly high levels of cadmium were detected in semen of
men who
were smokers and had asthenozoospermia (p < 0.001) compared
with those
who had normal motility. We conclude that the high level of cadmium
in
smokers with asthenozoospermia is evidence of the possible toxic
effect
of this trace element and this may be one of the causes of
asthenozoospermia.
Title
Trace elements in chronic sinusitis.
Author
Onerci M; Kus S
Address
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery' Hacettepe
University Faculty of Medicine' Ankara' Turkey.
Source
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 252(6):374-5 1995
Abstract
Trace elements are indispensable for life and play an important
role in
the immunological system. Since it is believed that serum trace
element
values decrease in chronic infections' 43 patients with chronic
sinusitis were evaluated for Zn' Mg and Cu levels. While all
trace
elements were found to be within normal ranges' Cu values were
found to
be significantly lower than in a control group of 20 age- and
sex-matched volunteers. The reasons for this are unclear in the
present
study'
Title
The toxicity/essentiality of dietary minerals. A review on some
micronutrients prepared in honor of the Award for Life Achievement
to
Doctor Krista Kostial.
Author
Katz SA
Address
Rutgers University' Camden' USA.
Source
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 46(3):333-45 1995 Sep
Abstract
Continued progress in the theory and practice of trace element
analytical chemistry has made possible significant advances in
investigating the role and fate of trace elements in biological
systems. Public health commissions and environmental protection
agencies have subsequently established requirements for intakes
of and
exposures to trace elements both from the nutritional (copper-zinc)
and
from the toxicological (cadmium-mercury) perspectives. Some trace
elements demonstrate the properties of both categories' and
consequently give rise to questions about the toxicity of essential
dietary minerals. Selenium and chromium are typical examples
of this
toxicity-essentiality paradox. The systemic intoxication by and/or
nutritional importance of these elements are reviewed as are
the
criteria for assessing their toxicity and essentiality.
Title
[Renal disease and trace elements
Author
Marumo F; Li JP
Address
Second Department of Internal Medicine' Tokyo Medical and Dental
University.
Source
Nippon Rinsho, 54(1):93-8 1996 Jan
Abstract
Correlation between renal disease and trace elements includes
following
two types; 1) Renal failure due to excess of trace element intake
into
the body' such as itai-itai disease or heavy metal intoxication.
2)
Disturbances of trace elements in patients with chronic renal
failure'
such as aluminum dementia and aluminum-related bone disease.
Itai-itai
disease occurred by water pollution with cadmium. Cadmium causes
Fanconi syndrome in the kidney and osteomalasia in person' especially
in old women' who were living near the riverside. Recently' we
have
shown that an itai-itai disease model can be made using rats
by
long-term intravenous inJection of cadmium chloride. In patients
with
chronic renal failure' aluminum dementia and aluminum related
bone
disease were reported. However' aluminum dementia has disappeared
by
using reverse osmosis system for making dialysate. Fluoride should
be
one of ions which must be paid attention' because excess of fluoride
cause mottled tooth and osteosclerosis. It may be dangerous to
add
fluoride into tap water system for the purpose of preventing
decayed
tooth' because fluoride retention in the serum may occur in patients
with chronic renal failure. |
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