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Title
Determinants of plasma coenzyme Q10 in humans.
Author
Kaikkonen J; Nyyssönen K; Tuomainen TP; Ristonmaa U; Salonen
JT
Source
FEBS Lett, 1999 Jan, 443:2, 163-6
Abstract
In the present study, we assessed the strongest determinants
of plasma coenzyme Q10
(Qm10) in 518 men and women (aged 45-70 years) with a stepwise
multivariate regression
model. Male gender (P<0.001), serum cholesterol (P<0.001),
serum
gamma-glutamyltransferase (P<0.001), serum triglycerides (P<
0.001), age (P=0.017) and
4-day alcohol consumption (P=0.03) were the most important factors
which were directly
associated with plasma Q10). The intensity of conditioning exercise
(P=0.03) and use of
statins (P<0.05) showed an inverse association with plasma
Q10. None of the assessed
nutrients increased plasma Q10 levels significantly. Our results
suggest that many
confounding factors, in addition to serum cholesterol and triglycerides,
should be taken into
account when the role of plasma Q10 is examined in epidemiological
research.
Title
Virgin olive oil and coenzyme Q10 protect heart mitochondria
from peroxidative damage
during aging.
Author
Huertas JR; Martinez Velasco E; Ibáñez S; López
Frias M; Ochoa JJ; Quiles J; Parenti
Castelli G; Mataix J; Lenaz G
Address
Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Spain. jhuertas@goliat.ugr.es
Source
Biofactors, 1999, 9:2-4, 337-43
Abstract
The mitochondrial theory of aging suggests that this phenomenon
is the consequence of
random somatic mutations in mitochondrial DNA, induced by long-term
exposure to free
radical attack. There are two potential dietary means of delaying
the effects of free radicals
on cellular aging, i.e., enrichment of mitochondrial membranes
with monounsaturated fatty
acids and supplementation with antioxidants. We have performed
a preliminary study on
male rats, 6 or 12 month old, fed with diets differing in the
nature of the fat (virgin olive oil
or sunflower oil) and/or with antioxidant supplementation (coenzyme
Q10), analysing
hydroperoxide and coenzyme Q9 and Q10 in heart mitochondria.
Preliminary results allow
us to conclude that the CoQ10 dietetic supplementation as well
as the enrichment of the
cellular membranes with monounsaturated fatty acids, successfully
protect mitochondrial
membranes from aged rats against the free radical insult.
Title
Coenzyme Q10: a vital therapeutic nutrient for the heart with
special application in
congestive heart failure.
Author
Sinatra ST
Source
Conn Med, 1997 Nov, 61:11, 707-11
Abstract
Vitamin coenzyme Q10 is a critical adjuvant complementary therapy
for patients with
congestive heart failure, especially when traditional medical
therapy is unsuccessful. The
following case studies, with systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction,
demonstrate the
effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 in improving quality of life, as
well as survival.
Title
Effects of coenzyme Q10 and alpha-tocopherol administration on
their tissue levels in the
mouse: elevation of mitochondrial alpha-tocopherol by coenzyme
Q10.
Author
Lass A; Forster MJ; Sohal RS
Address
Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University,
Dallas, TX 75275,
USA.
Source
Free Radic Biol Med, 1999 Jun, 26:11-12, 1375-82
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) was previously demonstrated in vitro to indirectly
act as an antioxidant
in respiring mitochondria by regenerating alpha-tocopherol from
its phenoxyl radical. The
objective of this study was to determine whether CoQ has a similar
sparing effect on
alpha-tocopherol in vivo. Mice were administered CoQ10 (123 mg/kg/day)
alone, or
alpha-tocopherol (200 mg/kg/day) alone, or both, for 13 weeks,
after which the amounts of
CoQ10, CoQ9 and alpha-tocopherol were determined by HPLC in the
serum as well as
homogenates and mitochondria of liver, kidney, heart, upper hindlimb
skeletal muscle and
brain. Administration of CoQ10 and alpha-tocopherol, alone or
together, increased the
corresponding levels of CoQ10 and alpha-tocopherol in the serum.
Supplementation with
CoQ10 also elevated the amounts of the predominant homologue
CoQ9 in the serum and
the mitochondria. A notable effect of CoQ10 intake was the enhancement
of
alpha-tocopherol in mitochondria. alpha-Tocopherol administration
resulted in an elevation
of alpha-tocopherol content in the homogenates of nearly all
tissues and their mitochondria.
Results of this study thus indicate that relatively long-term
administration of CoQ10 or
alpha-tocopherol can result in an elevation of their concentrations
in the tissues of the
mouse. More importantly, CoQ10 intake has a sparing effect on
alpha-tocopherol in
mitochondria in vivo.
Title
Coenzyme Q10 administration increases antibody titer in hepatitis
B vaccinated
volunteers--a single blind placebo-controlled and randomized
clinical study.
Author
Barbieri B; Lund B; Lundström B; Scaglione F
Source
Biofactors, 1999, 9:2-4, 351-7
Abstract
Persons involved in the study, 21 per treatment arm, were consuming
ubiquinone (Q10), 90
mg/day, 180 mg/day or placebo, for two weeks prior to hepatitis
B vaccination. After 30
days this vaccination was repeated. Q10 was given as soft gelatin
capsules containing 30 mg
each. The consumption was continued throughout the study conducted
for 90 days. Clinical
observations and laboratory tests were performed throughout the
study and no adverse
effects were observed in any of the groups. Already after 30
days the two groups receiving
Q10 showed a slightly titer of antibodies to hepatitis B surface
antigen then the placebo
group. This difference escalated and the immunopotentiating effect
of Q10 was even more
clear-cut in the residual part of the study. In addition, a dose
response did also seem to be
present when comparing the 90 mg group with the 180 mg group.
Statistics revealed that
Q10 in the dose 180 mg/day is able to increase antibody response
in vivo in humans
vaccinated against hepatitis B with up to 57% (p = 0.011).
Title
Coenzyme Q10, a cutaneous antioxidant and energizer.
Author
Hoppe U; Bergemann J; Diembeck W; Ennen J; Gohla S; Harris I;
Jacob J; Kielholz J; Mei
W; Pollet D; Schachtschabel D; Sauermann G; Schreiner V; Stäb
F; Steckel F
Address
Paul Gerson Unna Research Center, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany.
Source
Biofactors, 1999, 9:2-4, 371-8
Abstract
The processes of aging and photoaging are associated with an
increase in cellular oxidation.
This may be in part due to a decline in the levels of the endogenous
cellular antioxidant
coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone, CoQ10). Therefore, we have investigated
whether topical
application of CoQ10 has the beneficial effect of preventing
photoaging. We were able to
demonstrate that CoQ10 penetrated into the viable layers of the
epidermis and reduce the
level of oxidation measured by weak photon emission. Furthermore,
a reduction in wrinkle
depth following CoQ10 application was also shown. CoQ10 was determined
to be effective
against UVA mediated oxidative stress in human keratinocytes
in terms of thiol depletion,
activation of specific phosphotyrosine kinases and prevention
of oxidative DNA damage.
CoQ10 was also able to significantly suppress the expression
of collagenase in human
dermal fibroblasts following UVA irradiation. These results indicate
that CoQ10 has the
efficacy to prevent many of the detrimental effects of photoaging.
Title
CoQ10: could it have a role in cancer management?
Author
Hodges S; Hertz N; Lockwood K; Lister R
Source
Biofactors, 1999, 9:2-4, 365-70
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 or ubiquinone has been shown to have both anti-cancer
and immune
system enhancing properties when tested in animals. Preliminary
results reported here
suggest that it might inhibit tumour-associated cytokines. Clinical
studies conducted with
combination therapies of CoQ10 and other antioxidants are ongoing,
but the results are
difficult evaluate owing to the lack of proper control groups
and of initial randomisation.
Also on the basis of some anti-cancer effects of antioxidants
reported in literature, further
animal studies and a proper clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 in
cancer patients are needed.
Title
Clinical implications of the correlation between coenzyme Q10
and vitamin B6 status.
Author
Willis R; Anthony M; Sun L; Honse Y; Qiao G
Source
Biofactors, 1999, 9:2-4, 359-63
Abstract
The endogenous biosynthesis of the quinone nucleus of coenzyme
Q10 (CoQ10) from
tyrosine is dependent on adequate vitamin B6 nutriture. Lowered
blood and tissue levels of
CoQ10 have been observed in a number of clinical conditions.
Many of these clinical
conditions are most prevalent among the elderly. Kalen et al.
have shown that blood levels
of CoQ10 decline with age. Similarly, Kant et al. have shown
that indicators of vitamin B6
status also decline with age. Blood samples were collected from
29 patients who were not
currently being supplemented with either CoQ10 or vitamin B6.
Mean CoQ10
concentrations was 1.1 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml of blood. Mean specific
activities of EGOT
was 0.30 +/- 0.13 mumol pyruvate/hr/10(8) erythrocytes and the
mean percent saturation of
EGOT with PLP was 78.2 +/- 13.9%. Means for all parameters were
within normal ranges.
Strong positive correlation was found between CoQ10 and the specific
activity of EGOT (r
= 0.5787, p < 0.001) and between CoQ10 and the percent saturation
of EGOT with PLP (r
= 0.4174, p < 0.024). Studies are currently in progress to
determine the effect of
supplementation with vitamin B6 of blood CoQ10 levels. It appears
prudent to recommend
that patients receiving supplemental CoQ10 be concurrently supplemented
with vitamin B6
to provide for better endogenous synthesis of CoQ10 along with
the exogenous CoQ10.
Title
The universality of bioenergetic disease. Age-associated cellular
bioenergetic degradation
and amelioration therapy.
Author
Linnane AW; Kovalenko S; Gingold EB
Source
Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1998 Nov 20, 854:, 202-13
Abstract
During the present century there has been a dramatic change in
life expectancy in advanced
societies, now exceeding 80 years. As distinct from life expectancy,
life potential is said to
be at least 120 years, so that the continuing increase in knowledge
has the potential for
further major changes in the survival of humans conceivably in
the near future. This
presentation will be concerned with one aspect of the development
of biomedical advances
related in part to a concept of an "age-related universality
of bioenergetic disease," and its
potential amelioration and proposed impact on age-related disease
and lifestyle. Aging is a
complex biological process associated with a progressive decline
in the physiological and
biochemical performance of individual tissues and organs, leading
to age-associated disease
and senescence. Consideration of the progressive accumulation
of mitochondrial DNA
mutation with age and the tissue/cellular bioenergy decline associated
with the aging process
has led us to the proposal of a "universality of bioenergetic
disease" and the potential for a
redox therapy for the condition. This concept envisages that
a tissue-bioenergetic decline will
be intrinsic to various diseases of the aged and thereby contribute
to their pathology, in
particular, heart failure, degenerative brain disease, muscle
and vascular diseases, as well as
other syndromes. The information and concepts embodied in this
proposal will be reviewed
under the following headings: (1) mitochondrial DNA deletion
mutation in some tissue is
very extensive and shows mosaicism; (2) age-associated tissue/cellular
bioenergy mosaic
closely corresponds to the mtDNA profile; (3) cellular bioenergy
as a function of
mitochondrial bioenergy, glycolysis, and plasma membrane oxidoreductase;
(4) redox
therapy for the reenergization of cells, tissues, and whole organs.
A redox therapy based on
coenzyme Q10 has demonstrated profound alteration in heart function
of old rats; no
significant effect was observed with young rats.
Title
Relative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 formulations in human
subjects.
Author
Chopra RK; Goldman R; Sinatra ST; Bhagavan HN
Source
Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 1998, 68:2, 109-13
Abstract
The relative bioavailability of typical commercially available
forms of coenzyme Q10
(CoQ10) was compared with that of Q-Gel, a new solubilized form
of CoQ10, in human
subjects in two separate trials. In the first, standard softgel
capsules containing CoQ10
suspension in oil, powder-filled hardshell capsules and powder-based
tablets were tested
along with Q-Gel using a daily dosage of 120 mg for three weeks.
The baseline plasma
CoQ10 values were all very tight (0.50-0.52 microgram/mL) and
after three weeks the
values were 1.37, 1.63 and 1.60 micrograms/mL for the first three
products and 3.31
micrograms/mL for Q-Gel. The relative bioavailability calculated
using the areas under the
plasma CoQ10 curve (AUC) were (micrograms/mL x time in days)
7.16 (100%), 8.97
(125%), 9.19 (128%) and for Q-Gel 22.86 (319%). The second trial,
carried out to replicate
the findings in the first, employed only two groups, namely the
standard softgel capsules
containing the suspension and Q-Gel, and the duration was extended
to four weeks. Plasma
CoQ10 values were: baseline 0.40 and 0.38 and after four weeks
1.26 and 2.80; the
corresponding AUCs were: 8.33 (100%) and 22.75 (273%). Thus,
the data from both the
trials show that Q-Gel, the new solubilized form of CoQ10, is
vastly superior to typical
commercially available preparations of CoQ10. This means much
lower doses of Q-Gel
will be required to rapidly reach and maintain adequate blood
CoQ10 values than with any
of the other currently available products. |
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